Comparative Analysis of Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Waste Ceramic Tile as Coarse Aggregate Replacement in Concrete Based on Flexural Strength for Rigid Pavement Applications
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This study evaluates the flexural performance of concrete incorporating recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and waste ceramic tile (WCT) as partial replacements for natural coarse aggregates for rigid pavement applications in accordance with Department of Public Works and Highways standards. Replacement levels of 10%, 20%, and 30% were investigated alongside a control mix. Physical properties, including soundness, abrasion resistance, wash loss, absorption, specific gravity, and unit weight, were determined using standard laboratory tests. Flexural strength was evaluated at 7 and 14 days using the modulus of rupture test under midpoint loading. Results showed that RCA satisfied all physical property requirements and maintained values comparable to natural aggregates, while WCT exhibited reduced density at higher replacement levels. RCA mixtures consistently exceeded the required flexural strengths of 2.53 MPa (7 days) and 4.5 MPa (14 days), whereas WCT failed to meet the 14-day requirement beyond the control mix. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences for RCA (p > 0.05) and significant reductions for WCT (p < 0.001). These findings confirm that RCA can be effectively used as a sustainable coarse aggregate for rigid pavement applications up to 30% replacement, while WCT is only suitable at low replacement levels or for non-structural use.
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