Financial Quality Index (FQI): A New Index to Assess Financial Market Quality
Downloads
Once the financial crisis started in the middle of 2007, the financial authorities and governments of developed economies, based on the premises of the market's security, efficiency and transparency towards investors, began to emphasize the importance of estimating the systemic risks over the risk of a given sector. Beyond macroeconomic strength, if they have higher quality equity markets, countries should be better prepared to cope with potential volatility. The current work develops a new index (FQI) that shows, in an objective way, the degree of maturity and market stability, in particular for the Spanish equity market. The authors would like to thank Dr. Joan Hortalá, President of the Barcelona Stock Exchange(a)Domingo García, Director of the BME Study Service, Beatriz Alonso, Equity Director of BME, Alejandro Gómez and Victor Naranjo, members of BME equity supervision, Andrea Gómez and Alejandro Ramón, members of the Barcelona Stock Exchange Research Service.
Akerlof, George A. (1970). "The Market for 'Lemons': Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), pp. 488-500, 1970.
Acharya, V. V., Pedersen, L. H., Philippon, T. and M. Richardson (2010). “Measuring Systemic Risk”. FRB of Cleveland Working Paper No. 10-02.
Adrian, T. and M. K. Brunnermeier (2011). “CoVar”. NBER Working Paper No. 17454.
Beck, T., A. Demirgüç-Kunt, and R. Levine. 2010. “Financial Institutions and Markets Across Countries and over Time: The Updated Financial Development and Structure Database.” World Economic Review 24(1):77–92.
Bharath, Sreedhar & Dittmar (2010). Amy. Why do firms use private equity to opt out of public markets?. Review of Financial Studies. Published - May 2010
Brownlees, C. T. and R. Engle (2012). “Volatility, Correlation and Tails for Systemic Risk Measurement”. Working Paper, NYU.
Caldarelli, R., Elekdag, S. A. and S. Lall (2009). “Financial Stress, Downturns, and Recoveries”. International Monetary Fund, Working Paper WP/09/100.
Cao, Charles and Gustafson, Matthew and Velthuis, Raisa (2017). Index Membership and Small Firm Financing, Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2707337
Caporin, M., Pelizzon, L., Ravazzolo, F. and R. Rigobon (2013). “Measuring Sover¬eign Contagion in Europe”. NBER Working Paper No. 18741.
Dambra, Michael and Gustafson, Matthew and Pisciotta, Kevin J, Post-IPO Market Returns and the Benefits to Going Public (June 8, 2017)
Dickey, D. A., and W. A. Fuller (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association 74: 427–431.
Diebold, F. X. and K. Yilmaz (2009). “Measuring Financial Asset Return and Volatil¬ity Spillovers, with Application to Global Equity Markets”. The Economic Journal, Vol.119 (534), pp. 158–171.
Drewnowski, Jan & Scott, Wolf (1966). The level of living index, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva
Durbin, J., and G. S. Watson (1950). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression. I. Biometrika 37:409–428.
Durbin, J., and G. S. Watson (1951). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression. II. Biometrika. 1951 Jun; 38(1-2):159-78.
Estévez Leticia and Mª Isabel Cambón (2015). A Spanish Financial Market Stress Index (FMSI). Research, Statistics and Publications Department, CNMV.
Eugene F. Fama (1965). “The Behavior of Stock Market Prices," The Journal of Business, vol. 38, no. 1. (1965): 34-105.
Fama, E. (1965). “The behavior of stock-market prices”. The Journal of Business 38, 34–105.
Forbes, K. and R. Rigobon (2001). “Measuring Contagion: Conceptual and Empirical Issues”. International Financial Contagion, Chapter 3, pp.43-66.
Goldfeld, S. M., and R. E. Quandt. (1973). A Markov model for switching regressions. Journal of Econometrics 1:3–15.
Goldsmith, Raymond W. (1969). Financial structure and development. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Gray, D. F. and A. A. Jobst (2011). “Modelling systemic financial sector and sover¬eign risk”. Sveriges Riksbank Economic Review, 2011:2, pp.68-93.
Hamid Mehran and Stavros Peristiani (2009). Financial Visibility and the Decision to Go Private Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, no. 376 June 2009
Hamilton, J. D. and R. Susmel (1994). “Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity and changes in regime”. Journal of Econometrics, No. 64, pp.307-333.
Hansen, Bruce E. (2000). "Testing for structural change in conditional models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 97(1), pages 93-115, July.
Hansen, Bruce E. (1997). "Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels: Estimation, testing and inference," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 365, Boston College Department of Economics.
Hobijn, B., P. H. Franses, and M. Ooms (1998). Generalizations of the KPSS-test for stationarity. Econometric Institute Report 9802/A, Econometric Institute, Erasmus University Rotterdam.
Holló, D., Kremer, M. and M. Lo Duca (2012). “CISS-a composite indicator of sys¬temic stress in the financial system”. European Central Bank, Macroprudential Re¬search Network, Working Paper Series March 2012, No.1426.
Horvath, R., & Poldauf, P. (2012). International stock market comovements: what happened during the financial crisis? Global Economy Journal, 12(1).
Hovakimian, A., Kane, E. J. and L. Laeven (2012). “Variation in Systemic Risk at US Banks During 1974-2010”. NBER Working Paper No. 18043.
Huang, X., Zhou, H. and H. Zhu (2011). “Systemic risk contributions”. Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2011-08, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US).
Hyde, S., Bredin, D. and N. Nguyen (2007). “Correlation dynamics between Asia-Pa¬cific, EU and US stock returns”. International Finance Review, Vol. 8, Chapter 3, pp. 39-61.
Illing, M. and Y. Liu (2006). “Measuring financial stress in a developed country: An application to Canada”. Journal of Financial Stability, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 243-265.
IMF-BIS-FBS (2009): “Guidance to Assess the Systemic Importance of Financial In¬stitutions, Markets and Instruments: Initial Considerations”. International Mone¬tary Fund, Bank for International Settlements and Financial Stability Board.
Dubois, Michel and Jeanneret, Pierre (2000). The Long-run Performance of Seasoned Equity Offerings with Rights: Evidence from the Swiss Market (January 2000).
Kang, J.K., Y.C. Kim, and R.M. Stulz. (1999) “The Underreaction Hypothesis And The New Issue Puzzle: Evidence From Japan.” Review of Financial Studies, Vol. 12, pp. 519-534
Kasa, K. (1992). Common stochastic trends in international stock markets, Journal of Monetary Economics 29, 95-124.
Kotkatvuori-Örnberg, J., Nikkinen, J., & Äijö, J. (2013). Stock market correlations during the financial crisis of 2008–2009: Evidence from 50 equity markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 28, 70-78.
Kwiatkowski, D., P. C. B Phillips, P. Schmidt, and Y. Shin (1992). Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root: How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root? Journal of Econometrics 54: 159-178.
Keynes, John Maynard (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Macmillan Cambridge University Press, for Royal Economic Society in 1936.
King, Robert G., and Ross Levine (1993a). Finance and growth: Schumpeter might be right. Quarterly Journal of Economics 108:717±738.
Kritzman, M., Yaunzhen, L., Sebastien, P. and R. Rigobon (2010). “Principal Compo¬nents as a Measure of Systemic Risk”. MIT Sloan School Working Paper 4785-10.
Lybek, Tonny & Sarr, Abdourahmane (2003). Measuring Liquidity in Financial Markets. International Monetary Fund, IMF Working Papers.
Metes, Dan V. (2005). Visual, Unit Root and Stationarity Tests and Their Power of Accuracy. Department of Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1.
Morris, V. C. (2010). “Measuring and Forecasting Financial Stability: The Composi¬tion of an Aggregate Financial Stability Index for Jamaica”. Financial Stability De¬partment. Bank of Jamaica. Working Paper: August 2010.
Mehran, Hamid & Stravos Peristiani.(2009) “Financial Visibility and the Decision to Go Private”. Federal Reserve of Bank of New York. June 2009 Number 376
Stefan Nagel (2012). Evaporating Liquidity. The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 25, Issue 7, 1 July 2012, Pages 2005–2039, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhs066
Stehle, R., Ehrhardt, O. and Przyborowsky, R. (2000), Long-run stock performance of German initial public offerings and seasoned equity issues. European Financial Management, 6: 173–196.
Nelson, W. R. and R. Perli (2007). “Selected indicators of financial stability”, Irving Fisher Committee’s Bulletin on Central Bank Statistics, Vol. 23, pp. 92-105.
Newey, W. K., and K. D. West (1994). Automatic lag selection in covariance matrix estimation. Review of Economic Studies 61: 631-653.
Phillips, P. C. B., and P. Perron (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika 75: 335–346.
Phillips, P. C. B. and Perron, P. (1988). “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression,” Biometrika 75:335-346.
Piffaut, Pedro V. and Damià Rey Miró (2016): Integración, Contagio Financiero y Riesgo Bursátil: ¿Qué nos dice la evidencia empírica para el periodo 1995-2016? Cuadernos de Economía (2016) 39, 138-147.
Quandt, R. E. (1972). A new approach to estimating switching regressions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 67: 306–310.
Roberts, S. W. (1959). “Control Chart Tests Based on Geometric Moving Averages”, Technometrics, 1, pp. 239-250.
Segoviano, M. A. and C. Goodhart (2009). “Banking Stability Measures”. Interna¬tional Monetary Fund, Working Paper No. 09/4.
Terceño, A., & Guercio, M. B. (2011). El crecimiento económico y el desarrollo del sistema financiero. Un análisis comparativo. Investigacio- nes Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 17(2), 33-46.
Velázquez, A. y Gómez Lende, S. Población y calidad de Vida en la Argentina (1991-2001), La fragmentación de la sociedad y el territorio. En: Velázquez, A. y Gómez Lende, S. Desigualdad y Calidad de Vida en la Argentina (1991-2001). Aportes empíricos y metodológicos. Buenos Aires: Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas, FCH, UNCPBA, Editorial Reun, 2005, p. 199-240.