Comparative Expected Value Analysis Study on Programs, Treatments, Medications and Products Reducing the Prevalence of Smoking, Alcoholism, Depression and Obesity in the United States
Downloads
It was determined that medication provided the most value reducing the prevalence of smoking, alcoholism, and obesity, while exercise provided the most value treating depression. Value was determined by dividing treatment cost with success rate. Medication provided the most value reducing the prevalence of alcoholism followed by Alcoholics Anonymous, outpatient drug free treatment, detoxing, residential treatment and inpatient treatment. Medication provided the most value reducing the prevalence of smoking followed by hypnotherapy, nicotine gum, nicotine patch, Chantix, nasal spray and nicotine inhaler. Acupuncture, lozenges, strips, sticks and laser therapy were not effective smoking cessation treatment options. Medication provided the most value in weight loss followed by liposuction, personal trainer and lap band. Exercise and meditation provided the most value reducing the prevalence of depression followed by medication, support groups and psychotherapy
Addiction Center (2019). Addiction Statistics - Facts on drug and alcohol use,
https://www.addictioncenter.com/addiction/addiction-statistics/#
The American Society of Addiction Medicine (2015). Relevance of Twelve-Step recovery in 21st century, Addiction Medicine.
American Society of Plastic Surgeons (2019). Plastic Surgery Statistical Report,
Antonelli JA, Maalouf, N.M., Pearle, M.S., &Lotan, Y (2014). Use of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to calculate the impact of obesity and diabetes on cost and prevalence of urolithiasis in 2030. European Urology. 6(4): 724.
Arroyo, D. (2017). How soon can I see results from a personal trainer? Live Strong, Dec 29, https://www.livestrong.com/article/445656-how-long-before-i-see-results-from-a-personal-trainer/
Bjartveit, K., &Tverdal, A. (2005). Health consequences of smoking 1–4 cigarettes per day. Tobacco control, 14(5), 315-320.
Bouchery, E. E., Harwood, H. J., Sacks, J. J., Simon, C. J., & Brewer, R. D. (2011). Economic costs of excessive alcohol consumption in the US, 2006. American journal of preventive medicine, 41(5), 516-524. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0749379711005381
Broughton G., Horton, B., Lipschitz, A., Kenkel, J.M., Brown, S.A.,& Rohrich, R.J. (2006). Lifestyle outcomes, satisfaction, and attitudes of patients after liposuction: a Dallas experience. PlastReconstr Surg. May;117 (6):1738-49.
Bureau of Labour Statistics (2019).Consumer Expenditures in 2017, Report 1080, April
https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/consumer-expenditures/2017/home.htm
Buttorff, C., Ruder, T., &Bauman, M. (2017). Multiple chronic conditions in the United States, Santa Monica, CA, Rand Corp.
Cancer.org (2019). Other ways to quit smoking, https://www.cancer.org/healthy/stay-away-from-tobacco/guide-quitting-smoking/other-ways-to-quit-smoking.html
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Economic trends in smoking,
https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/economics/econ_facts/index.html
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019). Current cigarette smoking among adults in the US, https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/cig_smoking/index.htm
Carmody, T.P., Duncan, C., Simon, J.A., Solkowitz, S., Huggins, J., Lee, S., &Delucchi, K. (2008). Hypnosis for smoking cessation: a randomized trial, Nicotine Tob Res. May;10(5):811-8.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018). Excessive drinking draining the U.S. economy Jul 13https://www.cdc.gov/features/costsofdrinking/index
Dallas, M.E. (2019). Smokers cost employers thousands more than non-smokers, WebMD– Retrieved
Dieleman, J.L., Baral, R., & Birger, M. (2016). U.S. Spending on personal health care and public health, 1996–2013. JAMA. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16885
Drugs.com (2019) User reviews for Phentermine, https://www.drugs.com/comments/phentermine/
Fryar, C D, et al. (2018). Prevalence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity among adults aged 20 and over, United States, 1960–1962 Through 2015–2016. Health E-Stats. National Centre for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics.
Ghoshal, M. (2019). Is the nicotine inhaler the right choice to help you quit smoking? Healthline, July 19, https://www.healthline.com/health/quit-smoking/ nicotine-inhaler#cost
Hjalmarson, A., Nilsson, F., Sjöström, L., Wiklund, O. (1997). The nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation, Arch Intern Med. 1997 Aug 11-25; 157(15):1721-8, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9250233
Goyal M, et al (2014) Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being, A systematic Review and Meta-analysis, JAMA Intern Med.174(3): 357-368. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018
Hafner, J. (2016). Surgeon general: 1 in 7 in USA will face substance addiction. Nov 17, Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/11/17/surgeon-general-1-7-us-face-substance-addiction/93993474
Harris, R. (2016). Federal survey finds 119 million Americans use prescription drugs. Sep 8 - Retrieved https://www.npr.org/2016/09/08/493157917/federal-survey-finds-119-million-americans-use-prescription-drugs.
Harvard Health Letter (2013). Exercise is an all-natural treatment to fight depression - Exercise is as effective as drugs in some cases, Harvard Health Publishing, August, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/exercise-is-an-all-natural-treatment-to-fight-depression
Juergens, J. (2019). Cost of drug and alcohol rehab, addiction Centre Report, Sept 17.
https://www.addictioncenter.com/rehab-questions/cost-of-drug-and-alcohol-treatment/
Koskie, B. (2018). Depression, facts, statistics and you, Healthline, June 29,
https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/facts-statistics-infographic#1
Lin, E. H., Heckbert, S. R., Rutter, C. M., Katon, W. J., Ciechanowski, P., Ludman, E. J., ... & Von Korff, M. (2009). Depression and increased mortality in diabetes: unexpected causes of death. The Annals of Family Medicine, 7(5), 414-421.
http://www.annfammed.org/content/7/5/414.short
Martin, T. (2019). How Chantix works to help you quit smoking, Very Well Mind, July 26.
https://www.verywellmind.com/how-chantix-works-2825340
Mayo Clinic Staff (2018). Prescription weight-loss drugs - Examine the pros and cons of medication to treat obesity. Mayo Clinic, September 18,
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/weight-loss/in-depth/weight-loss-drugs/art-20044832
McClaran, S.R. (2003). The effectiveness of personal training on changing attitudes towards physical activity. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2, 10−14
Narzario, B. (2019).Quit-Smoking Aids: Know Your Options, WebMD Medical Reference, Jan 16, https://www.webmd.com/smoking-cessation/qa/how-can-laser-therapy-help-when-you-quit-smoking
NCBI (2015). Depression: How effective are antidepressants? NCBI Report, January,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK361016/
O’Brien, P. E., MacDonald, L., Anderson, M., Brennan, L., & Brown, W.A. (2013). Long-term outcomes after bariatric surgery: fifteen-year follow-up of adjustable gastric banding and a systematic review of the bariatric surgical literature, Ann Surg,Jan; 257(1):87-94.
doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31827b6c02, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235396
Office of Management and Budget (2019). Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2019, Historical Tables, Table 2.3 “Receipts by Source as a Percentage of GDP: 1934–2023”; Table 2.4“Composition of Social Insurance and Retirement Receipts and of Excise Taxes: 1940–2023.”
Pfeiffer, P.N., Heisler, M., Piette, J.D., Rogers, M., &Valenstein, M. (2010) Efficacy of peer support interventions for depression: A meta-analysis, Gen Hosp Psychiatry, Jan–Feb; 33(1): 29–36.
Quinlan, J. (2019).LAP-BAND Surgery Cost in 2018 – Starts at $3,500, Bariatric surgery source, March 7
https://www.bariatric-surgery-source.com/cost-of-lap-band-surgery.html
Substance Abuse Mental Health Service Agency (2017). National survey on drug use and health (NSDUH), Table 5.5A—Alcohol use disorder in past year among persons aged 12 or older, by age group and demographic characteristics: Numbers in thousands, 2016 and 2017.
Shiffman, S. (2002).Real-world efficacy of prescription and over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy, Addiction, Issue 97(5), May, Pages 505-516
Sturm, R. (2002). The effects of obesity, smoking, and drinking on medical problems and costs. Health affairs, 21(2), 245-253.
https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.245
Thomas, S., Kelley, R., Stein, S., Monico, N., Osbourne, N.,& Ackerman, K. (2018). Components of an alcoholism treatment program, August 9.
https://www.alcohol.org/alcoholism/treatment-programs/
Thompson, D. (2011). What you need to know about nicotine gum, Everyday Health, May 9,
https://www.everydayhealth.com/smoking-cessation/ nicotine-replacement-therapy.aspx
Thompson, D. (2011). Will hypnotherapy help you stop smoking? Everyday Health, June 8
https://www.everydayhealth.com/stop-smoking/ smoking-cessation-aids-hypnotherapy.aspx
Tonnesen, P., Lauri, H., Perfect, R., Mann, K.,&Batra, A. (2012). Efficacy of a nicotine mouth spray in smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind trial, European Respiratory Journal 40: 548-554
Westra, H. (2010).The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy, What the research tells us, find a psychologist, https://www.findapsychologist.org/the-effectiveness-of-psychotherapy-what-the-research-tells-us-by-dr-henry-westra/
Woolhandler, S., Campbell, T., &Himmelstein, D. U. (2003). Costs of health care administration in the United States and Canada. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(8), 768-775.