Lignocellulosic Materials for Green Packaging: The Prospects and Challenges
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The use of lignocellulosic materials as green packaging materials has garnered attention due to their abundance and renewability. This paper reviews the recent advances in the use of lignocellulosic materials for green packaging by examining the relevant literature published mainly in the last 10 years. Literature search was performed by entering keywords such as biopolymers, lignocellulosic materials and green packaging into scholarly databases, namely Scopus, the Web of Science and Science Direct. This review shows that numerous lignocellulosic materials such as wheat straw, rice straw, pineapple crown and palm fibers have desirable properties as biomaterials. Lignocellulosic materials are versatile and can be used as films, filler in composites, coating and reinforcements in biodegradable foam. They can be converted to cellulose nanofibers which are basically cellulose fibrils incorporated into a learning matrix to provide tensile and flexural properties, as well as cellulose nanocrystals via treatment of cellulosic fiber with acid followed by sonification. Nonetheless, other inherent properties of lignocellulosic materials such as high moisture absorption and incompatibility with other biomaterials limit their use as packaging materials. These limitations prompt the reinforcement of lignocellulosic materials through adding bio-reinforcing agents such as nanoparticles and nanoclay.
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