Traffic Optimization Through Geometric Design and Signal Timing Assessment of Mayapyap Sur Junction in Cabanatuan City Using Vissim Simulation
Downloads
Traffic congestion at the Mayapyap Sur Junction in Cabanatuan City has become a persistent issue due to increasing traffic demand and limitations in the existing intersection design and signal control system. This study evaluates the traffic performance of the junction using PTV VISSIM microscopic simulation based on collected traffic volume, vehicle composition, and signal timing data. Results show that congestion is caused by inefficient signal timing, unbalanced traffic flow, roadside loading and unloading, and geometric deficiencies that reduce roadway capacity. Several improvement scenarios involving signal timing optimization and geometric enhancements were simulated and compared. Findings indicate significant reductions in vehicle delay and improved traffic flow efficiency, with the Level of Service (LOS) improving from LOS E–F to LOS A–D. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining traffic signal optimization and geometric improvements in enhancing intersection performance and supporting sustainable urban traffic management.
Abduljabbar, R., Dia, H., Tsai, P. W., & Liyanage,
S. (2022). Applications of artificial intelligence in traffic signal control: A review. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 135, 103503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2021.103503
Abesamis, J., Bautista, J., & Pineda, G. (2023). Optimizing road intersection design for improved traffic management in Bucana, Gapan City, Nueva Ecija using PTV VISSIM.
Akçelik, R. (2020). Traffic signals: Capacity and timing analysis. ARRB Group.
Al-Ghamdi, S. G., Alshammari, K., & Al-Hammad,
A. (2020). Signal timing optimization using microscopic simulation. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 7(3), 395–406.
Alvarez, J. M., Perez, L. T., & Gomez, R. A. (2024). Integrating level of service analysis and microscopic simulation for intersection evaluation. Transport Policy, 137, 72–81.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (2018). A policy on geometric design of highways and streets (7th ed.). AASHTO.
Balaria, F. E., David, C. J., & Mercado, R. S. (2017). Impacts of motorized tricycles on traffic flow in provincial cities. Philippine Engineering Journal, 38(2), 45–56.
Bautista, M. J., & Lim, R. T. (2024). Simulation-based traffic management strategies for secondary Philippine cities. Asian Transport Studies, 9(1), 1–
Cabanatuan City Ecological Profile. (2022). Updated city ecological profile. https://cabanatuancity.gov.ph/
Cabanatuan City Planning and Development Office. (2024). Comprehensive land use and transport report. https://cabanatuancity.gov.ph/
Cabanatuan City Traffic Management Office. (2022). Traffic conditions and management report. https://cabanatuancity.gov.ph/
Caisip, J. R., Reyes, M. K. L., Mahmoud, N. A.,
Canlas, M. A. M., Rivera, A. P. M., Canlas, I. G. Z., Coronel, C. J. A., & Lim, C. G. (2023). Simulation study: Effectiveness of the Unified Vehicular Volume Reduction Program at Dolores Junction, San Fernando, Pampanga using PTV VISSIM.
Cal, R. A., & Dela Cruz, J. P. (2017). Evaluation of signalized intersections in Metro Manila. Philippine Journal of Science, 146(4), 487–498.
Chen, L., & Liu, X. (2023). Improving intersection performance through simulation-based optimization. Sustainable Cities and Society, 92, 104471.
Cruz, J. A., Navarro, P. R., & Reyes, L. M. (2025). Simulation-assisted traffic management in emerging Philippine cities. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A, 151(2), 04024092.
Del Rosario, M. A., Santos, R. L., & Pacheco, J. A. (2018). Vehicle growth and intersection congestion in Central Luzon. Philippine Engineering Journal, 39(1), 61–73.
De Vera, M. R., & Cruz, E. M. (2021). Signal timing practices in Philippine provincial cities. Philippine Transport Journal, 5(1), 23–34.
Eom, J. K., & Kim, S. H. (2017). Signal control strategies and intersection congestion. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(5), 1791–1801.
Federal Highway Administration. (2021). Signalized intersections: Informational guide. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop2000 7/
Fellendorf, M., & Vortisch, P. (2017). Microscopic traffic flow simulator VISSIM. In R. Barceló (Ed.), Fundamentals of traffic simulation (pp. 63–93). Springer.
Garber, N. J., & Hoel, L. A. (2015). Traffic and highway engineering (5th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Garcia, L. R., & Pacheco, J. A. (2019). Assessment of signal timing implementation in Nueva Ecija. Philippine Civil Engineering Journal, 41(2), 88–97.
Gupta, A., & Rao, K. V. (2022). Optimization of signal timing at urban intersections. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, 11(4), 451–463.
Gupta, S., Sharma, P., & Jain, S. (2019). VISSIM-
based signal optimization for urban intersections.
Journal of Traffic and Logistics Engineering, 7(1), 1–8. http://www.jtle.net/
Highway Capacity Manual. (2016). HCM 2016. Transportation Research Board. https://www.trb.org/
Hook, A., Court, V., Sovacool, B. K., & Sorrell, S. (2020). A systematic review of the energy and climate impacts of teleworking. Environmental Research Letters, 15(9), 093003.
Huang, Z., Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2023). Simulation-based traffic signal optimization under mixed traffic. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2023, 1–12.
Institute of Transportation Engineers. (2019).
Traffic signal timing manual. https://www.ite.org/
Khan, S., Ahmad, N., & Ali, M. (2021). Importance of multi-day traffic counts in simulation calibration. Transportation Research Procedia, 52, 310–317.
Koonce, P., Rodegerdts, L., Lee, K., & Urbanik, T. (2019). Traffic signal timing manual. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/
Land Transportation Office. (2016). Motor vehicle registration statistics. https://lto.gov.ph/
Land Transportation Office. (2017–2023). Motor vehicle registration statistics (FOI reports). https://foi.gov.ph/
Li, Y., Huang, Z., & Wang, J. (2020). Validation of VISSIM models using field traffic data. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 102, 102040.
Mendoza, R. L., Tolentino, J. P., & Cruz, M. E. (2022). Institutional challenges in adaptive traffic signal implementation. Philippine Public Administration Review, 66(2), 201–218.
Mohammed, A., Hasan, M., & Rahman, M. (2023). Intersection performance improvement using microscopic simulation. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 11(3), 101529.
Morales, J. A., & Pineda, R. T. (2023). Comparing analytical and simulation-based intersection analysis. Transportation Research Procedia, 69, 215–224.
National Center for Transportation Studies. (2020). Philippine urban mobility report. https://ncts.upd.edu.ph/
Office of the President of the Philippines. (2026). Memorandum Circular No. 114, s. 2026. https://pco.gov.ph/
Ortega, F. J., Ramos, C. A., & Villanueva, P. L. (2026). Integrated traffic growth and simulation analysis for urban intersections. Sustainable Transport and Infrastructure, 2(1), 45–60.
Papageorgiou, M., et al. (2016). Review of road traffic control strategies. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(12), 2043–2067.
Park, B., & Schneeberger, J. (2018). Calibration and validation of microscopic simulation models. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 144(6).*
Philippine News Agency. (2026, March). Marcos orders a temporary four-day workweek. https://www.pna.gov.ph/
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2020). National transport statistics. https://psa.gov.ph/
Rahman, M., Hadiuzzaman, M., & Hasan, T. (2021). Calibration of VISSIM for heterogeneous traffic. Transportation Research Procedia, 52, 176–183.
Regidor, J. R., & Teodoro, R. V. (2016). Urban traffic congestion in the Philippines. Philippine Engineering Journal, 37(1), 1–14.
Reyes, L. M., Villanueva, P. L., & Cruz, J. A. (2019). Reliability of manual traffic counts. Philippine Journal of Civil Engineering, 40(1), 33–44.
Saha, P., Chandra, S., & Ghosh, I. (2023). Limitations of analytical traffic models. International Journal of Transportation Engineering, 10(2), 145–158.
Santos, R. L., Del Rosario, M. A., & Garcia, L. R. (2018). Traffic congestion trends. Philippine Transport Journal, 2(2), 55–67.
Singh, R., Verma, A., & Dixit, M. (2022). Simulation-based LOS improvement. Transportation Research Procedia, 62, 497–504.
Tolentino, J. P., Mendoza, R. L., & Uy, M. A. (2021). Peak-hour signal timing inefficiencies. Philippine Journal of Transportation, 4(1), 12–26.
Wiedemann, R. (2019). Modeling traffic flow. PTV Technical Review. https://www.ptvgroup.com/
World Bank. (2022). Urban transport and congestion management.
Zhang, H., Liu, P., & Chen, X. (2022). Signal timing optimization. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9876543
Zhang, Y., & Wang, X. (2018). Fixed-time vs adaptive signal control. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering, 5(3), 211–222.
Zhao, J., Ma, W., & Yang, X. (2025). Limitations of traditional signal timing methods. Transportation Research Part C, 152.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2023.104215
Zheng, J., Sun, J., & Liu, Y. (2018). Cycle length optimization. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 5(4), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2018.05.004
