Angular Momentum and Surface Temperature of the Singularity and Superparticles
Downloads
In the present work, the rotational frequency and surface temperature of a black hole singularity and the Superparticles could be determined by using Wien's Law and utilizing the conservation law of angular momentum of the stretched and squeezed celestial objects. The size of stars, planets, rocks, human body, and celestial objects could be reduced to the radius of atoms or subatomic particles since they are dragged into the event horizon of a black hole. The black hole has a powerful tidal force, gravitational field, intensified singularity tunnel waves, compacted dark fabric matter, and interwoven electromagnetic lines, even trapping photon particles and superparticles that struggle to pass through its interior structure. The celestial objects have been compressed steeply inside the event horizon zone due to the stress of a black hole and powerful singularity tunnel waves. The distance between atoms in the structure of the compressed celestial objects could be reduced to fuse since they fall directly into the depth of a black hole. The size of the celestial object has been reduced, its density, angular momentum, rotational frequency, and external surface temperature increased. In fact, the tremendous amount of mass and energy has been collapsed at the edge of a singularity and in the bottom of a supergiant black hole to form the superparticles with the mass of a visible universe and release them into infinite space outside the parent black hole. The maximum number of superparticles with variable masses could be formed inside the supergiant black hole before the creation and evolution of our Visible Universe. Indeed, the superparticles are cosmic seeds that have been created inside the supergiant black hole to form our visible Universe and Multiverses. The stars, planets, galaxies, living creatures, and whole celestial objects in the visible universe, and multiverses in infinite existence, are only superparticles that have been created in the core of a largest type of the supergiant black holes and released into space to evaporate and to form a new universe. The superparticle with a mass of a visible universe is a cosmic seed that formed inside a supergiant black hole, was released into space before the Big Bang, and rapidly evaporated to form our visible universe.
Bambhaniya, P.; Joshi, A.B.; Dey, D.; Joshi, P.S. Timelike geodesics in naked singularity and black hole spacetimes. Phys. Rev. D 2019, 100, 124020, https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.100.124020.
Brady, P.R.; Smith, J.D. Black Hole Singularities: A Numerical Approach. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 75, 1256–1259,
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.75.1256.
Kolanowski, M.; Tomašević, M. Singularities in 2D and 3D quantum black holes. J. High Energy Phys. 2023, 2023, 1–45,
https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2023)102.
Sadiq, Sabir. 2025. “Radiations Accumulation and Rapid Transition of Particles Inside the Black Holes”. Engineering And Technology Journal 10 (1):3526-40. https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i01.10.
Mohan, V. Black hole singularities from holographic complexity. J. High Energy Phys. 2025, 2025, 1–19,
https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2025)275.
Sadiq, Sabir. 2023. “Life Cycle of a Low Mass Stars”. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences 93 (1):60-82. https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/8308.
Sabir Sadiq. (2024). ‘’Life Cycle of High Mass Star’’. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 97(1), 11–29. Retrieved from
https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/9124.
Chesler, P.M.; Narayan, R.; Curiel, E. Singularities in Reissner–Nordström black holes. Class. Quantum Gravity 2019, 37, 025009, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ab5b69.
Burko, L.M. Structure of the Black Hole's Cauchy-Horizon Singularity. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 79,
–4961,
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.79.4958.
Burko, L.M. Black-Hole Singularities: A New Critical Phenomenon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 90,
, https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.90.121101.
Shankar, F. The demography of supermassive black holes: Growing monsters at the heart of galaxies. New Astron. Rev. 2009, 53, 57–77,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2009.07.006.
Rauch, K.P.; Blandford, R.D. Optical Caustics in a Kerr Spacetime and the Origin of Rapid X-Ray Variability in Active Galactic Nuclei. Astrophysics J. 1994, 421, 46–68.
Reines, A.E.; Sivakoff, G.R.; Johnson, K.E.; Brogan, C.L. An actively accreting massive black hole in the dwarf starburst galaxy Henize 2-10. Nature 2011, 470, 66–68,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09724.
Meier, D.L. Black Hole Astrophysics; Springer Nature: Durham, NC, United States, 2012; ISBN: .
Taniguchi, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Shioya, Y. Formation of Quasar Nuclei in the Hearts of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies. Astrophys. J. 1999, 514, L9–L12, https://doi.org/10.1086/311931.
Reines, A.; Greene, J.; Geha, M. Dwarf Galaxies with Optical Signatures of Accreting Massive Black Holes. Proc. Int. Astron. Union 2013, 9, 23–23, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314003184.
Taniguchi, Y.; Ikeuchi, S.; Shioya, Y. Formation of Quasar Nuclei in the Hearts of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies. Astrophys. J. 1999, 514, L9–L12, https://doi.org/10.1086/311931.
Tamburini, F.; Thidé, B.; Della Valle, M. Measurement of the spin of the M87
black hole from its observed twisted light. arXiv 2019, arXiv:1904.07923.
Bambi, C.; Freese, K.; Vagnozzi, S.; Visinelli, L. Testing the rotational nature of the
supermassive object M87* from the circularity and size of its first image. arXiv,
2019; arXiv:1904.12983.
Davoudiasl, H.; Denton, P.B. Ultralight Boson Dark Matter and Event Horizon Telescope Observations of M87. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2019, 123, 021102.
Schmieg, G.M. Interaction angular momentum and conservation laws. Il Nuovo Cimento B 1970, 67, 67–74,
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02710872.
Alexander Kholmetskii, Oleg Missevitch, Tolga Yarman. (2014). Laws of conservation of momentum and angular momentum in classical electrodynamics of material media.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1411.6446.
Peters, P.C. Gravitational Radiation and the Motion of Two Point Masses. Phys. Rev. B 1964, 136,
B1224–B1232, https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.136.b1224.
Pinheiro, M.J. On Newton's third law and its symmetry-breaking effects. Phys. Scr. 2011, 84,
,
https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/84/05/055004.
Morita, Osamu. 2019. Angular Momentum Equation., 113–126. doi:10.1201/9780429294389-9.
Fisenko, A.I.; Ivashov, S.N. Determination of the True Temperature of Molybdenum and Luminous Flames from Generalized Wien’s Displacement and Stefan–Boltzmann’s Laws: Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation. Int. J. Thermophys. 2009, 30, 1524–1535, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-009-0653-8.
Cenadelli, D.; Potenza, M.; Zeni, M. Stellar temperatures by Wien’s law: Not so simple. Am. J. Phys. 2012, 80, 391–398,
https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3699958.
Yohakim, Y.R.R.; Maodjud, S.H.; Ngaga, E.J.; Jufriansah, A.; Sahlan Exploration of Wien Displacement Law: A Fundamental Concept in Quantum Physics. Bincang Sains dan Teknol. 2024, 3, 85–96,
https://doi.org/10.56741/bst.v3i03.648.
Das, R. Wavelength- and Frequency-Dependent Formulations of Wien’s Displacement Law. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92,
–1134, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00116.
Rusin, S.P. Determination of true temperature of opaque materials via spectral distribution of thermal radiation intensity: application of Wien’s displacement law. Thermophys. Aeromechanics 2014, 21, 449–460,
https://doi.org/10.1134/s0869864314040052.
Berezhiani, Z.; Bombaci, I.; Drago, A.; Frontera, F.; Lavagno, A. Gamma‐Ray Bursts from Delayed Collapse of Neutron Stars to Quark Matter Stars. Astrophys. J. 2003, 586, 1250–1253,
https://doi.org/10.1086/367756.
Suh, I.-S.; Lee, C.H. Axion emissivity from the conversion of a neutron star into a strange star. Phys. Lett. B 1998, 432, 145–150,
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(98)00597-8.
Priyanka Saha, Dipanjan Dey, Kaushik Bhattacharya. (2025). (“Gravitational collapse of Matter in the presence of Scalar field Dark energy”). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.07629.
Habing, Harm J.. 2018. 1995–2015: Main-Sequence Stars and Failed Stars., 337–359.
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99082-8_10.
Langanke, K.; Feldmeier, H.; Martínez-Pinedo, G.; Neff, T. Astrophysically important nuclear reactions. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 2007, 59, 66–73,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2006.12.010.
Brusso, B.C. A Brief History of the Energy Conversion of Light [History]. IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag. 2019, 25, 8–13,
https://doi.org/10.1109/mias.2019.2908804.
Sadiq, S. (2024). Singularity Sphere in The Heart of a Black Hole. Transactions on Engineering and Computing Sciences, 12(3), 46–63.
https://doi.org/10.14738/tecs.123.16742.
Sadiq, Sabir. 2025. “Singularity Bombardment by Superparticles”. Engineering And Technology Journal 10 (8):6377-90.
https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i08.32.
Sadiq, Sabir. 2025. “Mass and Radius of a Fabriton Particle”. Engineering And Technology Journal 10 (2):3886-99. https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v10i02.18.
Cattoën, C.; Visser, M. Necessary and sufficient conditions for big bangs, bounces, crunches, rips, sudden singularities and extremality events. Class. Quantum Gravity 2005, 22, 4913–4930,
https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/22/23/001.
Preston, V. ‘Big bang’: Chronology of events. Contemp. Br. Hist. 1999, 13, 95–99,
https://doi.org/10.1080/13619469908581516.
Schilling, G. Watching the Universe's Second Biggest Bang. Science 1999, 283, 2003–2004,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5410.2003.
Malhi, G.S.; Chengappa, K.N.R.; Gershon, S. Journal expansion: Bipolar Big Bang to events on the horizon. Bipolar Disord. 2016, 18, 629–630, https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12460.
Pirot, F. The Black Hole at the Origin of the Sun and of Our Planet Earth Detected in the Milky Way- the “Big Bang” Black Hole Identified, and its Allais Effect. Adv. Image Video Process. 2023, 11, 132–140,
https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.115.15578.
Sadiq, S. Hydrostatic Balance of Stars and Black Hole Singularity. Preprints 2025, 2025091636.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.1636.v1.
Sadiq, S. (2026). Distortion and Heating an Accretion Disc of a Black Hole. Engineering And Technology Journal, 11(01), 8680–8696. https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v11i01.33.
