Advanced Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-Enabled Networks: A Survey of Emerging Approaches Via Traffic Engineering
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An in-depth analysis of MPLS-based systems, highlighting the progress in Traffic Engineering (TE) and its recent developments that address the current flow of modern data. The scalability and flexibility of MPLS play a decisive role in data routing because it uses labels for the simplification of forwarding and the increase of network efficiency. Despite MPLS-TE being successful for traffic management, further efforts on data and application needs require the introduction of more advanced solutions. This study looks at how new technologies, specifically Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Segment Routing (SR), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are shape-shifting MPLS-TE to being more elastic, efficient and capable of auto-traffic control. These technologies address the shortcomings experienced by legacy approaches, by preparing networks to manage resources better, offer better Quality of Service (QoS), and adapt quickly to changes in demand. By exemplifying the usage of these cutting-edge tools, the paper provides excellent indications of the future of MPLS-TE and its ability to address the needs of next-generation networks.
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