Optimization Strategies for Reducing Power Losses in Thermal Power Stations: A Case Study of a Major Power Station in Ughelli

Thermal power plants in Nigeria face significant challenges due to persistent power losses, undermining efficiency, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates operational inefficiencies at a major thermal power station in Ughelli, Delta State, using five years of data (2017–2021). Analytical tools employed include reliability indices, thermal efficiency calculations, capacity factor evaluation, and international benchmarking. Results revealed that outdated equipment, poor maintenance, and lack of predictive diagnostics were key contributors to power losses. Reliability indices showed an average below 80%, falling short of the 90% global benchmark, with monthly reliability ranging from 41.77% to 74.24%. Capacity factors fluctuated widely, from 36.94% to 82.02%, indicating underutilization of available capacity. Thermal efficiency remained critically low, between 0.000002% and 0.000003%, highlighting severe energy waste. The study recommends adopting predictive maintenance using machine learning and statistical models, modernizing aging infrastructure, and improving operational management. Comparative analysis emphasizes the need for alignment with international best practices to enhance plant reliability and sustainability. Implementing these strategies can significantly reduce losses, boost performance, and help meet Nigeria’s growing energy demands more efficiently.