Studying the Porosity Results of a Smart Alloy (CU-AL-NI) with Nano Copper Added and Comparing it with Other Additives
Downloads
This study compares the effects of adding copper nanoparticles to a shape memory alloy (83% Cu – 13% Al – 4% Ni) in terms of its porosity properties to another study that added Nano aluminum to the same alloy in the same proportions. Employing the same manufactured method. In exchange for decreasing the same percentage of the alloy's copper powder, the amounts of Nano-copper were altered. Nano-copper was added to the alloy in percentages of (0, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11%). Before measuring the porosity, physical tests were conducted on the samples such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, to ensure the appearance of the martensite phase and the direction it takes, which has an impact on the studied property. The results of physical tests showed that the layer of martensite increased and appeared clearly when the nano-particles increased. The effect in the porosity of the alloy decreased, when copper nanoparticles increased, whereas the porosity of the first sample at (0%) Nano copper was (10.174), and when adding nano, the porosity of the last sample at a nano addition ratio of (11%) was (6.966), and comparing the examination results of this paper with previous research notice in both additions to the same alloy and same way of the samples manufacturing process. The porosity decreased, but the effect of adding nano aluminum on the porosity was greater than the effect of adding nano copper. The decrease in porosity compared to the first sample was due to the addition of nano-aluminum, which was more effective than the addition of nano-copper to the same alloy, as the percentage of decrease at the addition rate of (7%) nano-aluminum was (5.66%), and at the same rate, but with the addition of nano-copper, the percentage of decrease was (2.926%). The martensite appeared in one direction when copper nanoparticles were added, but it was multi-directional when nano aluminum was added.
J. Gardan, “Smart materials in additive manufacturing: state of the art and trends”. Virtual and physical prototyping, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-18, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2018.1518016
SG. Farag, “Application of smart structural system for smart sustainable cities, Engineering”, Environmental Science, Materials Science, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBDSC.2019.8645582
C . Lexcellent , some general points about SMA in Shape memory alloy Hand book (Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc, UK , USA 2013 ) PP. 4 .
L. Morales-Rivas, F. Archie, S. Zaefferer, M. Benito-Alfonso, S.P. Tsai, J.R. Yang, D. Raabe, C. Garcia-Mateo, F.G. Caballero, “Crystallographic examination of the interaction between texture evolution, mechanically induced martensitic transformation and twinning in nanostructured bainite”. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 752, pp.505-519, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.189
S. Wu, D. Wang, Z. Zhang, C. Li, X. Liu, X. Meng, Z. Feng, X. Di, “Mechanical properties of low-transformation-temperature weld metals after low-temperature postweld heat treatment”. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, vol. 24, no. 2, pp.112-120, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2018.1492776
S.N.S. Al-Humairi, “Cu-Based Shape Memory Alloys: Modified Structures and Their”. Recent advancements in the metallurgical engineering and electrodeposition, p.25, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.8619
Z.T. Khulief, “Applications of Shape Memory Alloys”. Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences, vol. 28, no. 2, pp.59-72, 2020.
M.A. Mohammed Jaffar, A.A. Ahmed Alkhafaji, “Predicting The Hardness and Porosity of a Smart Alloy (Cu-Al-Ni) with Nanoparticles Added, Using Smart Neural Networks”. Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences (JAARU), vol. 30, no. 3, 2023. https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2023.30.03.001
S.N. Saud, E. Hamzah, H.R. Bakhsheshi-Rad, T. Abubakar, Effect of Ta Additions on the Microstructure, Damping, and Shape Memory Behaviour of Prealloyed Cu‐Al‐Ni Shape Memory Alloys. Scanning, 2017, p.1789454.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1789454
T.M. Ammar, A.A. Al-khafaji, “Effect of (Al-Ni) & (Cu-Ni) Concentrations Ratios on the Hardness and Porosity of Ternary (Cu-Al-Ni) Smart Alloys”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, pp.36-48. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.22587/ajbas.2018.12.2.7
R.N. Razooqi, K.H. Razej, A.T. Abdulhameed, S.S. Irhayyim, “The physical and mechanical properties of a shape memory alloy reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs)”. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, vol. 23, no. 9, pp.80-88. 2018.
https://doi.org/10.25130/tjps.23.2018.153
Z . Xin, C. Bo, S. Bin, Z. Xu, Z. Xin, L. Qingsuo, Zhizhong, “Effect of Y Element on the Properties of Cu-Al-Ni High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy”, Acta Metallurgica Sinica ,vol 58. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00400
D. Kasim, W. Alsaraj “Shear Capacity of Self-Compacting Concrete Beams provided by External Steel Plate using Z Stirrups”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 15 Issue 1, P. 19670-19676 , February 2025.
https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.9218
R.N. Razooqi, O.J. Abdulkareem, “Influences of Mg Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys”. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 27, no. 3, pp.82-93. 2020. http://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.27.3.10
D. Samudrapom, “Altering Nanoparticle Content to Improve Copper-Based Composites”, Nano technology journals, 2022.
M. Abdulkareem, “Investigation on predication of smart alloy (cu-al-ni) properties modified by adding Al nanoparticles”, M.S. thesis, University of Baghdad, Iraq, 2023.
S. J. Mosa, “Process Parameters Optimization of Shape Memory (Cu-Al-Ni) Alloy Using Taguchi Technique”, M.S, Thesis, University of Baghdad, Iraq, 2015.
