An Innovative Use of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) from Pokea Clam Shells (Batissa violacea var. celebensis) for Toothpaste Manufacturing
Downloads
Innovation research on the use of hydroxyapatite from pokea clam shells (Batissa violacea var. celebensis) for toothpaste manufacturing has been successfully conducted. This study aims to determine how to synthesize and characterize hydroxyapatite (HAp) from pokea shells and the efficiency of its use in making toothpaste. The research process was conducted through hydroxyapatite synthesis and hydroxyapatite toothpaste formulation. The success of this synthesis was proven by the characterization of XRF spectrophotometer, FTIR spectrophotometer and digital optical microscope. The results of XRF analysis showed that the CaO content in the material was 88.21%. The results of FTIR analysis showed that in hydroxyapatite material there was absorption at wave numbers 926 cm-1 and 1024 cm-1 which showed asymmetric strain vibrations and bending vibrations of PO43- groups. The results of XRD characterization of HAp show that the diffraction peak is at an angle of 2θ = 20-57 ° with a crystal size of 46.15 nm and a degree of crystallinity of 85.43%. Digital optical microscope test results at 500x and 1000x magnification, showed hydroxyapatite has a uniform and non-porous shape. The hydroxyapatite toothpaste produced is bone white in color with menthol aroma and slightly rough texture. The resulting toothpaste is homogeneous, the diameter of the distribution that meets the quality requirements of toothpaste is 6.833 cm. The pH measurement result on toothpaste is 5.82 which meets the toothpaste quality requirements. The result of viscosity measurement on toothpaste is 20,000 cpa.s which meets the requirements of toothpaste viscosity. The foam formed is 10 mm where the height of the foam formed has met the requirements. Hydroxyapatite toothpaste has good stability and strong antibacterial activity, where the clear zone formed is 18.7 mm
N. Fatimatuzzahro, R. C. Prasetya, and W. Amilia, “Gambaran Perilaku Kesehatan Gigi Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Desa Bangsalsari Kabupaten Jember,” Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, vol. 12, no. 2, Jun. 2017, Accessed: Oct. 28, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/ikesma/article/view/4825
A. Gasmi Benahmed et al., “A review on natural teeth whitening,” J Oral Biosci, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 49–58, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.Job.2021.12.002.
H. Ben-Zaken et al., “Isolation and Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Phage as a Possible Treatment Agent for Caries,” Viruses, vol. 13, no. 5, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/V13050825.
J. A. Lemos et al., “The Biology of Streptococcus mutans,” Microbiol Spectr, vol. 7, no. 1, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051-2018.
B. T. Amaechi et al., “Comparative efficacy of a hydroxyapatite and a fluoride toothpaste for prevention and remineralization of dental caries in children,” BDJ Open, vol. 5, no. 1, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1038/S41405-019-0026-8.
T. Walsh, H. V. Worthington, A. M. Glenny, V. C. C. Marinho, and A. Jeroncic, “Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries,” Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol. 3, no. 3, Mar. 2019,
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007868.PUB3.
E. Paszynska et al., “Impact of a toothpaste with microcrystalline hydroxyapatite on the occurrence of early childhood caries: a 1-year randomized clinical trial,” Sci Rep, vol. 11, no. 1, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1038/S41598-021-81112-Y.
M. Epple, “Review of potential health risks associated with nanoscopic calcium phosphate,” Acta Biomater, vol. 77, pp. 1–14, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.actbio.2018.07.036.
A. Rimayanto Gintu, E. Betty, E. Kristiani, and Y. Martono, “Karakterisasi Pasta Gigi Berbahan Abrasif Hidroksiapatit (HAp),” Jurnal Kimia Riset, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 120–126, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.20473/JKR.V5I2.22503.
K. O’Hagan-Wong, J. Enax, F. Meyer, and B. Ganss, “The use of hydroxyapatite toothpaste to prevent dental caries,” Odontology, vol. 110, no. 2, p. 223, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1007/S10266-021-00675-4.
H. Limeback, J. Enax, and F. Meyer, “Biomimetic hydroxyapatite and caries prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene, vol. 55, no. 3, p. 148, 2021, Accessed: Oct. 28, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8641555
N. I. Agbeboh, I. O. Oladele, O. O. Daramola, A. A. Adediran, O. O. Olasukanmi, and M. O. Tanimola, “Environmentally sustainable processes for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite,” Heliyon, vol. 6, no. 4, p. e03765, Apr. 2020,
doi: 10.1016/J.Heliyon.2020.E03765.
L. A. Kadir et al., “Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Bionano Hidroksiapatit (HAp) Secara Insitu Dengan Metode Hidrotermal,” Cokroaminoto Journal of Chemical Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–4, Jul. 2022, Accessed: Oct. 28, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://science.e-journal.my.id/cjcs/article/view/118
B. Bahtiar, E. Ishak, and L. Fekri, “Kepadatan dan Preferensi Habitat Kerang Pokea di Muara Sungai Laeya, Sulawesi Tenggara,” Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 449–456, May 2023, doi: 10.18343/jipi.28.3.449.
Agusriyadin, Fahmiati, Faradissa, Armid, and L. A. Kadir, “Studi Sitoksisitas dan Sifat Mekanik Nano Hidroksiapatit Dari Cangkang Kerang Pokea (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897),” BioWallacea: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi (Journal of Biological Research), vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 64–73, Dec. 2023, Accessed: Oct. 28, 2024. [Online]. Available:
https://biowallacea.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/view/5
I. Kandida, M. Tari, and A. Fatiqin, “Effectiveness of the Combination of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle) and Mint Leaf (Mentha piperita) as Antibacterials against Streptococcus mutans,” Bioactivities, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 32–38, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.47352/BIOACTIVITIES.2963-654X.184.
C. F. Theodorea et al., “Physicochemical characterization of novel toothpaste from Caulerpa racemosa and Thunnus fish bone: Antibacterial potency against colonization of selected cariogenic-periodontal bacteria,” Pharmacia 71: 1-8, vol. 71, pp. 1–8, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.3897/PHARMACIA.71.E118021.
J. Kesehatan Gigi, A. S. Asmawati, J. Adnan, and H. Wajarwanto, “Utilization of Native Chicken Egg Shells as Abrasive Ingredients in Toothpaste,” Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 31–35, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.31983/JKG.V10I1.9323.
M. Usuda et al., “Inhibitory Effect of Adsorption of Streptococcus mutans onto Scallop-Derived Hydroxyapatite,” Int J Mol Sci, vol. 24, no. 14, p. 11371, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.3390/IJMS241411371/S1.
