Adsorption of Congo red Dye in Aqueous Solution unto Pumpkin Pod Pretreated with Sodium Thiosulphate
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The adsorption of Congo red dye from aqueous solution using Sodium thiosulphate-pretreated Pumpkin pod, was studied. The adsorbent was characterized by determining some physicochemical properties as well as the SEM and FTIR spectra. A two-level and four-factor factorial experimental design, with adsorbent dosage (0.1 to 0.3 g), pH (6.5 to 9), initial dye concentration (10 to 50 mg) and contact time (10 to 90 min) as process variables was used. Two common adsorption isotherms were fitted to the adsorption data, while the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were also tested on the adsorption process. The determined properties, surface morphology and functional groups in the adsorbent, suggest that the pretreated Pumpkin pod could serve as an efficient adsorbent. Percentage dye removal increased, while adsorption capacity decreased with increase in adsorbent dosage. The pH had no effect on both the percentage removal and adsorption capacity. Increasing the initial dye concentration led to a decrease in percentage removal and an increase in adsorption capacity, while both the percentage removal and adsorption capacity increased with increase in contact time. These trends are in agreement with many reported works. The developed model could navigate the design space. A maximum percentage removal of 81.05% was obtained at optimum values of 0.3 g adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration of 50 mg/l and a contact time of 90 minutes. The mechanism of the dye adsorption followed a heterogeneous poly layer coverage of the dye on the adsorbent surface, while the pseudo-second order kinetic model was observed to describe the kinetics of the process. Pumpkin pod pretreated with Sodium thiosulphate, can be used as a cheap and efficient adsorbent for the removal Congo red dye from aqueous solutions such as Textile industry wastewaters.
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