An Overview of Pollution Level in Vlora Port
Downloads
This study reports the concentrations of organic pollutants, nutrients, and some physicochemical parameters in water samples from Vlora Port. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, o-, m- and p-Xyelenes, Ethylbenzene) were analyzed organic pollutants. The levels of NO3-, NO2-, NH4-, N-total, PO4-, and P-total were determined. Temperature, PH, Conductivity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS DO, BOD and COD were physical-chemical parameters determined in the water samples. Vlora Port is located in the southern part of Albania in Vlora Bay, near Vlora City in the Adriatic Sea. Elevated activities in port areas (terrestrial and marine areas) are the main causes of water pollution. Urban pollution, agriculture, and water currents can influence marine water pollution in this area. To evaluate pollution levels at the port of Vlora, water samples (12 stations) were analyzed over a two-year period (2022 – 2023). Water samples were collected during two seasons: March and July of each year
Analyses of organic compounds were performed using a gas chromatograph (Varian 450 GC) equipped with ECD and FID detectors. Nutrients were analyzed using the UV-VIS technique. Titration, automatic, semi-automatic, and gravimetric methods were used to determine the physicochemical parameters. Organic pollutants were detected in all the water samples. Nutrient concentrations and physicochemical values classified the marine water of Vlora’s port as moderately good. Levels of organic pollutants, nutrients, and physicochemical parameters in water samples from Vlora’s port were higher/comparable with those reported in previous studies of the Adriatic Sea (Albania coastline).
Froehner S., Rizzi J., Vieira LM., Sanez J., (2018) PAHS in water, sediment and biota in an area with port activities, Arch. Environ. Contamination Toxicology, 75(2):236-246, doi: 10.1007/s00244-018-0538-6
Kane S, Lazo P, Qarri F (2015) “Environmental situation of Vlora Bay, Albania based on physic-chemical parameters of seawater”, Austin Journal of Hydrology, Volume 2/1 ISSN: 2380-0763
Nuro A., Marku E., Shehu M. “Organchlorinated pesticide residues in marine water in the South of Albania”. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences (IJEES), Vol 2, Issue, Fq. 27-34 (2012)
Mohammed A., Peterman P., Echols, K., Feltz K., Tegerdine G., Manoo A., Maraj D., Agard J., Orazio C., (2011) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPS) in Harbour Sediments from Sea Lots, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, Mar Pollut Bull, Vol.62(6):1324-32, doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul
Kane S, Lazo P (2012) “Assessment of environment situation and water quality of Vlora Bay and Narta Lagoon by nutrients and heavy metals determination”. International Interdisciplinary Conference, Vlorw, Albania, 26-28 Nwntor, Libri i Abstrakteve: ISBN 978-9928-4000-2-4
Poikane S, Kelly GM, Herreroa SF, Pitt Jo-A, Jarvie PH, Claussen U, Leuja W, Solheim LA, Teixeira H, Phillips G. 2019. Nutrient criteria for surface waters under the European water framework directive: current state- of-the-art, challenges and future outlook. Science of the Total Environment, 695: 133888. ISSN 0048-9697;
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133888
Campanelli A., Fornasiero P., Marini M., (2004) Physical and chemical characterization of the water column in the Piceno coastal area (Adriatic Sea). Fresen Environ Bull. Vol. 13: 430-435
Directive 2008/105/EC of The European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Baird R., Eaton A., Rice E., (2017) Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 23rd Edition, ISSN 55-1979,
https://doi.org/10.2105/SMWW.2882.216
ISO 5667-3:2018, Water quality — Sampling — Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples.
Nuro A., Marku E., Murtaj B., Mance S., (2014) “Study of Organochlorinated Pesticides, their Residues and PCB Concentrations in Sediment Samples of Patoku Lagoon” International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Sciences (IJEES), Vol 2, Issue 1, Pp. 15-20
Lazar B, Maslov L, Romanić SH, Gračan R, Krauthacker B, Holcer D, Tvrtković N., Accumulation of organochlorine contaminants in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the eastern Adriatic Sea. Chemosphere. 2011, Vol. 82(1): pp. 121-129
Naglaa A. El-Naggar, Hosny I. Emara, Madelyn N. Moawad, Yosry A. Soliman, Abeer A. M. El-Sayed (2018) Detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons along Alexandria’s coastal water, Egyptian Mediterranean Sea, The Egyptian journal of aquatic research, Volume 44, Issue 1, Pages 9-14
Magi E., Bianco R., Ianni C., Di Carro M. (2002) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Adriatic Sea, Environmental pollution, Vol. 119, Pp. 91–98
Mandić J. and Vrančić M.P. (2017) Concentrations and origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the middle Adriatic Sea, Acta Adriatica: International Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol 58(1), Pp. 3 - 24, 2017
Marini M. and Frapiccini E. (2013) Persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments in the deeper area of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea), Chemosphere, Vol. 90, issue 6, pp. 1839-1846