Evaluation of Ecotoxicity of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol on the Freshwater Green Microalgae “Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata”
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The ibuprofen and paracetamol are amongst the most non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used without prescription in the worldwide. The NSAIDs are frequently detected in receiving environments at trace levels. The sewage treatment plant effluents are considered an important continuous input of drug in aquatic ecosystems. This required the challenges on their potential treats on non-target organisms. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential ecotoxicity of ibuprofen and paracetamol on phytoplankton based on algal growth inhibition bioassay using 96-well microplates. A common freshwater green microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was used due to its crucial position in aquatic chain food. The results showed that the exposure to ibuprofen elicits a chronic ecotoxicity on the growth of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata where the Effective Median Concentration after 72 hours (72h-IC50) was 91.28 mg/L. However, paracetamol revealed no ecotoxicity on algal growth with a 72h-IC50 > 100 mg/L. In addition, the No Observed Effect Concentration of ibuprofen (NOEC) was (50 mg/L, p <0.005), this value is still higher than the maximal concentration usually occurred in the aquatic environment.
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