A Survey on Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
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Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) has gained an increasing interest in the past few years from the research community. The harsh underwater environment makes it challenging to design and implement protocols especially tailored for UWSNs. While some of the already proposed solutions for UWSNs may be reused, the unique characteristics of the underwater environment usually necessitate dedicated solutions. Several routing protocols with various goals have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we introduce several routing protocols and classify them according to the main purpose they were developed for. Indeed, in the early days of UWSNs deployment, the main objective of routing protocols was only limited to guaranteeing the successful delivery of a data packet to a final destination. Then, once UWSNs have been well settled down, researchers rather focus on designing energy efficient routing protocols as sensors’ battery power is the most precious and scarce resource that highly impact the network lifetime. In this survey, we provide a detailed overview of: Reliable Data Delivery Routing Protocols and Energy Efficient Routing Protocols.
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