Investigating Tensile Strength of Bamboo Petung (Dendrocalamus Asper) Treated Saltwater and Molasse Compared with Steel Rebar Reinforcement: An Experimental and Numerical Study
October 6, 2023
October 18, 2023
Downloads
The use of steel leads to carbon production which can worsen global warming. An alternative material to replace steel becomes an urgent prerequisite that needs to be considered. Bamboo can be the main choice due to its characteristic biomass, environmentally friendly properties, and low cost. However, bamboo is still in deficit due to its natural properties. Therefore, its mechanical properties are demonstrated in the treatment of natural resources and biological wastes such as salt and molasses. Experimental tests and numerical simulations were performed to characterize its tensile properties. Furthermore, a nonlinear finite element analysis was built in ABAQUS and proposed with plasticity, ductile fracture, and damage modelling. The results show that simulation and experiment are in good agreement in representing bamboo and steel subjected to tensile loads. The use of bamboo as a substitute for steel can be considered an application of steel reinforcement to concrete and requires further research.
Subchan, B. R., Widayanto, E., & Wiswamitra, K. A. (2023). Investigating Tensile Strength of Bamboo Petung (Dendrocalamus Asper) Treated Saltwater and Molasse Compared with Steel Rebar Reinforcement: An Experimental and Numerical Study. Engineering And Technology Journal, 8(10), 2876–2886. https://doi.org/10.47191/etj/v8i10.10
1. ABAQUS (2006) ABAQUS/CAE User’s Manual 6.5 Online Documentation. Available at: https://classes.engineering.wustl.edu/2009/spring/mase5513/abaqus/docs/v6.6/books/usi/default.htm?startat=pt03ch12s08s03.html (Accessed: 8 September 2023).
2. Agung Sugardiman, R. et al. (2018) Indonesia Second Biennial Update Report - Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Jakarta, Indonesia. Available at: http://www.ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id.
3. Bui, Q.B., Grillet, A.C. and Tran, H.D. (2017) ‘A bamboo treatment procedure: Effects on the durability and mechanical performance’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(9). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091444.
4. Chen, Z. et al. (2022a) ‘State-of-the-art review on research and application of original bamboo-based composite components in structural engineering’, Structures. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 1010–1029. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.059.
5. Chen, Z. et al. (2022b) ‘State-of-the-art review on research and application of original bamboo-based composite components in structural engineering’, Structures. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 1010–1029. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.059.
6. Cui, J. et al. (2023) ‘Stepwise failure behavior of thermal-treated bamboo under uniaxial tensile load’, Industrial Crops and Products, 204, p. 117313. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117313.
7. Dessalegn, Y. et al. (2022) ‘Influence of Age and Harvesting Season on The Tensile Strength of Bamboo-Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites’, Materials, 15(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124144.
8. Escamilla, E.Z. et al. (2018) ‘Industrial or traditional bamboo construction? Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of bamboo-based buildings’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(9). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093096.
9. Javadian, A. et al. (2019) ‘Mechanical properties of bamboo through measurement of culm physical properties for composite fabrication of structural concrete reinforcement’, Frontiers in Materials, 6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00015.
10. Kelkar, B.U. et al. (2023) ‘Structural bamboo composites: A review of processing, factors affecting properties and recent advances’, Advances in Bamboo Science, 3, p. 100026. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2023.100026.
11. Lee, G.Z.X. et al. (2022) ‘A reconnaissance study on tensile strength of bamboo based on global database’, Materials Today: Proceedings, 64, pp. 1109–1115. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.047.
12. Li, F., Yuan, H. and Liu, H. (2021) ‘Implementation of metal ductile damage criteria in Abaqus FEA’, in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing Ltd. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1906/1/012058.
13. Liu, G. et al. (2019) ‘Facile in-situ growth of Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles on polydopamine modified bamboo with excellent mildew-proofing’, Scientific Reports, 9(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53001-y.
14. Liu, Y.H. and Yen, T.M. (2021) ‘Assessing aboveground carbon storage capacity in bamboo plantations with various species related to its affecting factors across Taiwan’, Forest Ecology and Management, 481. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118745.
15. Muhtar et al. (2019) ‘Enhancing bamboo reinforcement using a hose-clamp to increase bond-stress and slip resistance’, Journal of Building Engineering, 26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100896.
16. Noverma, Elok Hapsari, O. and Yusrianti (2020) TENSILE STRENGTH OF BAMBOO AFTER PRESERVATION.
17. Qaiser, S. et al. (2020) ‘Flexural strength improvement in bamboo reinforced concrete beams subjected to pure bending’, Journal of Building Engineering, 31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101289.
18. Salzer, C. et al. (2016) ‘Sustainability of social housing in Asia: A holistic multi-perspective development process for bamboo-based construction in the Philippines’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su8020151.
19. Standard, A. (2007) ‘Metallic materials—Tensile testing at ambient temperature’, AS 1391-2007, Australia [Preprint].
20. Sun, F. et al. (2012) ‘Mould-resistance of bamboo treated with the compound of chitosan-copper complex and organic fungicides’, Journal of Wood Science, 58(1), pp. 51–56. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-011-1223-9.
21. Syahfitri, A. et al. (2022) ‘Conversion of agro-industrial wastes of sorghum bagasse and molasses into lightweight roof tile composite’, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02435-y.
22. Wahab, R., Sudin, M. and Yunus, A.A. (2010) Durability Performance of Gigantochloa scortechinii Through Laboratory Fungal Decay Tests*. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292804937.
23. Zhang, Y., Liu, Y. and Yang, F. (2022) ‘Ductile fracture modelling of steel plates under tensile and shear dominated states’, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 197. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107469.
2. Agung Sugardiman, R. et al. (2018) Indonesia Second Biennial Update Report - Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Jakarta, Indonesia. Available at: http://www.ditjenppi.menlhk.go.id.
3. Bui, Q.B., Grillet, A.C. and Tran, H.D. (2017) ‘A bamboo treatment procedure: Effects on the durability and mechanical performance’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(9). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091444.
4. Chen, Z. et al. (2022a) ‘State-of-the-art review on research and application of original bamboo-based composite components in structural engineering’, Structures. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 1010–1029. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.059.
5. Chen, Z. et al. (2022b) ‘State-of-the-art review on research and application of original bamboo-based composite components in structural engineering’, Structures. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 1010–1029. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.11.059.
6. Cui, J. et al. (2023) ‘Stepwise failure behavior of thermal-treated bamboo under uniaxial tensile load’, Industrial Crops and Products, 204, p. 117313. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117313.
7. Dessalegn, Y. et al. (2022) ‘Influence of Age and Harvesting Season on The Tensile Strength of Bamboo-Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites’, Materials, 15(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124144.
8. Escamilla, E.Z. et al. (2018) ‘Industrial or traditional bamboo construction? Comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of bamboo-based buildings’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(9). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093096.
9. Javadian, A. et al. (2019) ‘Mechanical properties of bamboo through measurement of culm physical properties for composite fabrication of structural concrete reinforcement’, Frontiers in Materials, 6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2019.00015.
10. Kelkar, B.U. et al. (2023) ‘Structural bamboo composites: A review of processing, factors affecting properties and recent advances’, Advances in Bamboo Science, 3, p. 100026. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bamboo.2023.100026.
11. Lee, G.Z.X. et al. (2022) ‘A reconnaissance study on tensile strength of bamboo based on global database’, Materials Today: Proceedings, 64, pp. 1109–1115. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.06.047.
12. Li, F., Yuan, H. and Liu, H. (2021) ‘Implementation of metal ductile damage criteria in Abaqus FEA’, in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing Ltd. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1906/1/012058.
13. Liu, G. et al. (2019) ‘Facile in-situ growth of Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles on polydopamine modified bamboo with excellent mildew-proofing’, Scientific Reports, 9(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53001-y.
14. Liu, Y.H. and Yen, T.M. (2021) ‘Assessing aboveground carbon storage capacity in bamboo plantations with various species related to its affecting factors across Taiwan’, Forest Ecology and Management, 481. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118745.
15. Muhtar et al. (2019) ‘Enhancing bamboo reinforcement using a hose-clamp to increase bond-stress and slip resistance’, Journal of Building Engineering, 26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100896.
16. Noverma, Elok Hapsari, O. and Yusrianti (2020) TENSILE STRENGTH OF BAMBOO AFTER PRESERVATION.
17. Qaiser, S. et al. (2020) ‘Flexural strength improvement in bamboo reinforced concrete beams subjected to pure bending’, Journal of Building Engineering, 31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101289.
18. Salzer, C. et al. (2016) ‘Sustainability of social housing in Asia: A holistic multi-perspective development process for bamboo-based construction in the Philippines’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su8020151.
19. Standard, A. (2007) ‘Metallic materials—Tensile testing at ambient temperature’, AS 1391-2007, Australia [Preprint].
20. Sun, F. et al. (2012) ‘Mould-resistance of bamboo treated with the compound of chitosan-copper complex and organic fungicides’, Journal of Wood Science, 58(1), pp. 51–56. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-011-1223-9.
21. Syahfitri, A. et al. (2022) ‘Conversion of agro-industrial wastes of sorghum bagasse and molasses into lightweight roof tile composite’, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02435-y.
22. Wahab, R., Sudin, M. and Yunus, A.A. (2010) Durability Performance of Gigantochloa scortechinii Through Laboratory Fungal Decay Tests*. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292804937.
23. Zhang, Y., Liu, Y. and Yang, F. (2022) ‘Ductile fracture modelling of steel plates under tensile and shear dominated states’, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 197. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2022.107469.
