Review on the Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) Reinforced Epoxy Resin Based Composites
April 21, 2021
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Synthetic materials possess with several drawbacks as most of the cases they are not environmental friendly where the scientists and researchers are very much concern about the environmental issues. That’s why alternatives should be replaced in place of synthetic materials. Using natural fibers in polymeric composite materials have opened up a new dimension as natural fibers are eco-friendly and available. Moreover extracting natural fiber from abundant source can add an extra value to the fibrous composite world. Pineapple leaf fiber in short PALF or PLF is an example of such fiber that is envisaged as agricultural waste. We have studied several research articles on the mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composites and their different aspects have been discussed in this review paper with some promising applications such as alternative of wood, knee prosthetic sockets, replacement of glass fiber, building construction and so on.
B. Hoque, M., Mollah, M., Faruque, M., Hannan, M. A., & A. Khan, R. (2021). Review on the Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) Reinforced Epoxy Resin Based Composites. Engineering And Technology Journal, 6(4), 855–860. Retrieved from http://everant.org/index.php/etj/article/view/445
1. Solaiman, Mohammad BellalHoque, Zahid Mahmud, AsrafulAman, Asif Hassan, Ruhul A. Khan and Nazrima Sultana, “Study on Preparation and Mechanical Characterization of Blended Pineapple and Jute Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR) Based Composite and Effect of Alkali on Composites”, American Journal of Materials Science, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 42-47, 2020. DOI: 10.5923/j.materials.20201002.03.
2. J.Jayaramudu, S. C.Agwuncha, S. S. Ray, E. R. Sadiku and A. V Rajulu, “Studies on the chemical resistance and mechanical properties of natural polyalthiacerasoides woven fabric/glass hybridized epoxy Composites”, Advanced Materials Letters, vol 6, no. 2, pp. 114-119, 2015. DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2015.5680.
3. Mohammad BellalHoque, Md. SahadatHossain, Abdul M. Nahid, Solaiman Bari and Ruhul A. Khan, "Fabrication and Characterization of Pineapple Fibre-Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composites", Nano Hybrids and Composites, vol. 21,pp. 31-42, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/NHC.21.31.
4. Arun M.Panicker, Rose Maria, K.A. Rajesh and TO Varghese, “Bit coir fiber and sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced ecofriendly polypropylene composites: Development and property evaluation thereof”, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 33, issue 9, pp. 1175-1195, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718820403.
5. P. Vignesh, G. Venkatachalam, A. Gautham Shankar,Anshuman Singh, RishiPagaria and AnkitaPrasad, “Studies on Tensile Strength of Sugarcane Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 5, issue 5, Part 2, pp. 13347-13357, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.327.
6. Jagadish, MaranRajakumaran and Amitava Ray, "Investigation on mechanical properties of pineapple leaf–based short fiber–reinforced polymer composite from selected Indian (northeastern part) cultivars," Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 324-342, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718805535.
7. Farah Hanan, Mohammad Jawaid and ParidahMdTahir, "Mechanical performance of oil palm/kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy-based bilayer hybrid composites," Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 155-167, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1477083.
8. A. Balaji, R. Purushothaman, R. Udhayasankar, S. Vijayaraj, and B. Karthikeyan, "Study on Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Banana Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites," Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s40735-020-00357-8.
9. M.R.Sanjay ,G.R.Arpitha and B.Yogesha, "Study on Mechanical Properties of Natural - Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites: A Review," Materials Today: Proceedings 2, vol. 2, no. 4-5, pp. 2959-2967, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.264.
10. Vincenzo Fiore , Carmelo Sanfilippo and Luigi Calabrese, "Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment," Polymers, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 716, 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030716
11. Mohammad Nematollahi, Mehdi Karevan, Marzieh Fallah and Mahmoud Farzin, "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Critical Length of Short Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 821-828, 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9600-x.
12. Zulkifli Djafar, Ilyas Renreng and Miftahul Jannah, "Tensile and Bending Strength Analysis of Ramie Fiber and Woven Ramie Reinforced Epoxy Composite," Journal of Natural Fibers, pp. 1-12, 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1726242.
13. H.S.Mahadevaswamy and B.Suresha, "Role of nano-CaCO3 on mechanical and thermal characteristics of pineapple fibre reinforced epoxy composites," Materials Today: Proceedings , vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 572-579, 2020.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.211
14. Mohammad Bellal Hoque, Md. Sahadat Hossain, Abdul M. Nahid, Solaiman Bari and Ruhul A. Khan, "Fabrication and Characterization of Pineapple Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composites," Nano Hybrids and Composites, vol. 21, pp. 31-42, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/NHC.21.31.
15. Lin Feng Ng , Sivakumar Dhar Malingam, Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, Zaleha Mustafa and Omar Bapokutty, "A comparison study on the mechanical properties of composites based on kenaf and pineapple leaf fibres," Polymer Bulletin, vol. 77, pp. 1449–1463, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02812-0.
16. Z. Daud, H. Awang, A. S. M. Kassim, M. Z. M. Hatta and A. M. Aripin, "Comparison of pineapple leaf and cassava peel by chemical properties and morphology characterization," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 974, pp. 384-388, 2014.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.974.384.
17. A. Nopparut and T. Amornsakchai, "Influence of pineapple leaf fiber and it’s surface treatment on molecular orientation in, and mechanical properties of, injection molded nylon composites," Polymer Testing, vol. 52, pp. 141-149, 2016.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.04.012.
18. ManojSingla and VikasChawla, “Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin–Fly Ash Composite”, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, vol. 9, no.3, pp.199-210, 2010. DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2010.93017.
19. M. Sudheer, K. M. Subbaya , DayanandaJawali and ThirumaleshwaraBhat, Mechanical Properties of Potassium Titanate Whisker Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, vol. 11, no.2, pp.193-210, 2012.
DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2012.112016.
20. P. K. Mallick, 1993, Fiber Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Design,Vol. 18, 2nd edn, Marcel Dekkar, Inc., New York.
21. Tuhidul Islam, Ruhul A. Khan, Mubarak A. Khan, Md. ArifurRahman, Marcelo FernandezLahore, Q. M. I. Huque, and R. Islam, “Physico-Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Biocomposites of Jute Fabric-Reinforced Poly(caprolactone)”, PolymerPlastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 48, pp. 1203–1210, 2009. DOI: 10.1080/03602550903149169.
22. Haydaruzzaman, RuhulA. Khan, MubarakA.Khan, A.H.Khan andM.A.Hossain, “Effect of gamma radiation on the performance of jute fabrics-reinforced polypropylene composites”, Radiation Physicsand Chemistry, vol. 78, issue 11, pp. 986-993, 2009.
DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.06.011.
23. Haydar U. Zaman, A. H. Khan, M. A. Hossain, Mubarak A. Khan, and Ruhul A. Khan, “Physico-Mechanical, Interfacial, Degradation, and Dielectric Properties of Jute/PP Composites: Effect of Dye and Gamma Radiation”, International Journal of Polymeric Materials, vol 61, issue 8, pp. 596–610, 2012.
DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.610041.
24. Ruhul A. Khan, A. J. Parsons, I. A. Jones, G. S. Walker and C. D. Rudd, “Surface Treatment of Phosphate Glass Fibers Using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate: Fabrication of Poly(caprolactone)- Based Composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 111, issue 1, pp. 246–254, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29050.
25. Mubarak A. Khan, Ruhul A. Khan, Haydaruzzaman, AbulHossain and A.H. Khan, “Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Physico-Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites”, Journal of reinforced plastics and composites, vol. 28, issue 13, pp. 1651-1660, 2009.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684408090365.
26. Vijay Kumar Thakur, Cellulose-Based Graft Copolymers: Structure and Chemistry, Edition:1st Chapter: 11, Publisher: CRC Press 2015.
27. FarhanaGul-E-Noor,Mubarak A. Khan, Sushanta Ghoshal, Russel A. Mazid, A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury and Ruhul A. Khan, “Grafting of 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate with Urea on to Gelatin Film by Gamma Radiation”, Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, vol 46, issue 6, pp. 615-624, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10601320902851926.
28. AleksandrKrasnovskii andIliya Kazakov, "Determination of the Optimal Speed of Pultrusion for Large-Sized Composite Rods",Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3, 2012, pp. 21-26, 2012.
DOI: 10.4236/jeas.2012.23004.
29. Rahul Mangire, and Malur N. Srinivasan, “Mechanical Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Pultruded Composite Gratings”, Modern Mechanical Engineering, vol3, no. 4, pp 142-146, 2013. DOI: 10.4236/mme.2013.34020.
30. Wiranphat Thodsaratpreeyakul, PutinunU awongsuwan and TakanoriNegoro, “Properties of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate/ Polycarbonate Blend Fabricated by Vented Barrel Injection Molding”,Materials Sciences and Applications, vol9, no. 1, pp. 174-190, 2018.
DOI: 10.4236/msa.2018.91012.
31. L.C. Hallaway, Polymers and polymer composites in construction, Thomas telford Ltd. London, 1st edition, 1990, pp. 14-16.
32. Haydar U Zaman, Mubarak A. Khan, Ruhul A. Khan, M. ArifurRahman, Lily R. Das, and Md. Al-Mamun, “Role of Potassium Permanganate and Urea on the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Jute Polypropylene Composites”, Fibers and Polymers, 2010, vol. 11, no.3, pp. 455-463, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0455-4.
33. Haydar U. Zaman, A. H. Khan, M. A. Hossain, Mubarak A. Khan andRuhul A. Khan “Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Jute Fabrics Reinforced Polyethylene/Polypropylene Composites: Role of Gamma Radiation”, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 760-766, 2009. DOI: 10.1080/03602550902824655.
34. M. J. Miah, M. A. Khan and R. A. Khan, “Fabrication and Characterization of Jute Fiber Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene Based Composites: Effects of Chemical Treatment”, Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 249-259, 2011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6763.
35. Jyoti Jain, Shorab Jain and ShishirSinha, “Characterization and thermal kinetic analysis of pineapple leaf fibers and their reinforcement in epoxy”, Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, vol. 51, issue 3, pp. 224-243, 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244318783024.
36. M. Indra Reddy, M. Anil Kumar and Ch. Rama BhadriRaju, “Tensile and Flexural properties of Jute, Pineapple leaf and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 458-462, 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.105.
37. Mohit Mittal and Rajiv Chaudhary, “Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of randomly oriented short pineapple/coir fiber-reinforced hybrid epoxy composites”, Material Research Express, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-26, 2019.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aae944.
38. Santosh Kumar D S, Praveen B A, KiranAithal S and U N Kempaiah, “Development of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 2190-2193, 2015.
39. J. K. Odusote and A. T. Oyewo, “Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Application as a Prosthetic Socket”, Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 125-139, 2016. DOI: 10.21859/jet-06011.
40. N.Krishnarjuna Rao1, G. S. Guru Dattatreya and E. VenugopalGoud, “Study of Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Pineapple – Glass Fibers Epoxy Hybrid Composites”, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 105748-105754, 2020.
DOI:http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/27271.
41. N. Lopattananon, Y. Payae and M. Seadan, “Influence of Fiber Modification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber-Epoxy Composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 110, issue 1, pp. 433–443, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.28496.
42. BalaManikanda Cheirmakani, BalamurugaSubburaj and Vijayaragavan Balasubramanian,“Exploring the Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber and Prosopis Julifora Powder Reinforced Epoxy Composite”, Journal of Natural Fibers, 2020.
DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2020.1798844.
2. J.Jayaramudu, S. C.Agwuncha, S. S. Ray, E. R. Sadiku and A. V Rajulu, “Studies on the chemical resistance and mechanical properties of natural polyalthiacerasoides woven fabric/glass hybridized epoxy Composites”, Advanced Materials Letters, vol 6, no. 2, pp. 114-119, 2015. DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2015.5680.
3. Mohammad BellalHoque, Md. SahadatHossain, Abdul M. Nahid, Solaiman Bari and Ruhul A. Khan, "Fabrication and Characterization of Pineapple Fibre-Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composites", Nano Hybrids and Composites, vol. 21,pp. 31-42, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/NHC.21.31.
4. Arun M.Panicker, Rose Maria, K.A. Rajesh and TO Varghese, “Bit coir fiber and sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced ecofriendly polypropylene composites: Development and property evaluation thereof”, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 33, issue 9, pp. 1175-1195, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718820403.
5. P. Vignesh, G. Venkatachalam, A. Gautham Shankar,Anshuman Singh, RishiPagaria and AnkitaPrasad, “Studies on Tensile Strength of Sugarcane Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 5, issue 5, Part 2, pp. 13347-13357, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.327.
6. Jagadish, MaranRajakumaran and Amitava Ray, "Investigation on mechanical properties of pineapple leaf–based short fiber–reinforced polymer composite from selected Indian (northeastern part) cultivars," Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 324-342, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705718805535.
7. Farah Hanan, Mohammad Jawaid and ParidahMdTahir, "Mechanical performance of oil palm/kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy-based bilayer hybrid composites," Journal of Natural Fibers, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 155-167, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2018.1477083.
8. A. Balaji, R. Purushothaman, R. Udhayasankar, S. Vijayaraj, and B. Karthikeyan, "Study on Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Banana Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites," Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s40735-020-00357-8.
9. M.R.Sanjay ,G.R.Arpitha and B.Yogesha, "Study on Mechanical Properties of Natural - Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites: A Review," Materials Today: Proceedings 2, vol. 2, no. 4-5, pp. 2959-2967, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.264.
10. Vincenzo Fiore , Carmelo Sanfilippo and Luigi Calabrese, "Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment," Polymers, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 716, 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030716
11. Mohammad Nematollahi, Mehdi Karevan, Marzieh Fallah and Mahmoud Farzin, "Experimental and Numerical Study of the Critical Length of Short Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 821-828, 2020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-9600-x.
12. Zulkifli Djafar, Ilyas Renreng and Miftahul Jannah, "Tensile and Bending Strength Analysis of Ramie Fiber and Woven Ramie Reinforced Epoxy Composite," Journal of Natural Fibers, pp. 1-12, 2020. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1726242.
13. H.S.Mahadevaswamy and B.Suresha, "Role of nano-CaCO3 on mechanical and thermal characteristics of pineapple fibre reinforced epoxy composites," Materials Today: Proceedings , vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 572-579, 2020.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.211
14. Mohammad Bellal Hoque, Md. Sahadat Hossain, Abdul M. Nahid, Solaiman Bari and Ruhul A. Khan, "Fabrication and Characterization of Pineapple Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composites," Nano Hybrids and Composites, vol. 21, pp. 31-42, 2018.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/NHC.21.31.
15. Lin Feng Ng , Sivakumar Dhar Malingam, Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, Zaleha Mustafa and Omar Bapokutty, "A comparison study on the mechanical properties of composites based on kenaf and pineapple leaf fibres," Polymer Bulletin, vol. 77, pp. 1449–1463, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02812-0.
16. Z. Daud, H. Awang, A. S. M. Kassim, M. Z. M. Hatta and A. M. Aripin, "Comparison of pineapple leaf and cassava peel by chemical properties and morphology characterization," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 974, pp. 384-388, 2014.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.974.384.
17. A. Nopparut and T. Amornsakchai, "Influence of pineapple leaf fiber and it’s surface treatment on molecular orientation in, and mechanical properties of, injection molded nylon composites," Polymer Testing, vol. 52, pp. 141-149, 2016.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.04.012.
18. ManojSingla and VikasChawla, “Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin–Fly Ash Composite”, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, vol. 9, no.3, pp.199-210, 2010. DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2010.93017.
19. M. Sudheer, K. M. Subbaya , DayanandaJawali and ThirumaleshwaraBhat, Mechanical Properties of Potassium Titanate Whisker Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites, Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, vol. 11, no.2, pp.193-210, 2012.
DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2012.112016.
20. P. K. Mallick, 1993, Fiber Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing and Design,Vol. 18, 2nd edn, Marcel Dekkar, Inc., New York.
21. Tuhidul Islam, Ruhul A. Khan, Mubarak A. Khan, Md. ArifurRahman, Marcelo FernandezLahore, Q. M. I. Huque, and R. Islam, “Physico-Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Gamma-Irradiated Biocomposites of Jute Fabric-Reinforced Poly(caprolactone)”, PolymerPlastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 48, pp. 1203–1210, 2009. DOI: 10.1080/03602550903149169.
22. Haydaruzzaman, RuhulA. Khan, MubarakA.Khan, A.H.Khan andM.A.Hossain, “Effect of gamma radiation on the performance of jute fabrics-reinforced polypropylene composites”, Radiation Physicsand Chemistry, vol. 78, issue 11, pp. 986-993, 2009.
DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2009.06.011.
23. Haydar U. Zaman, A. H. Khan, M. A. Hossain, Mubarak A. Khan, and Ruhul A. Khan, “Physico-Mechanical, Interfacial, Degradation, and Dielectric Properties of Jute/PP Composites: Effect of Dye and Gamma Radiation”, International Journal of Polymeric Materials, vol 61, issue 8, pp. 596–610, 2012.
DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.610041.
24. Ruhul A. Khan, A. J. Parsons, I. A. Jones, G. S. Walker and C. D. Rudd, “Surface Treatment of Phosphate Glass Fibers Using 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate: Fabrication of Poly(caprolactone)- Based Composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 111, issue 1, pp. 246–254, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29050.
25. Mubarak A. Khan, Ruhul A. Khan, Haydaruzzaman, AbulHossain and A.H. Khan, “Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Physico-Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites”, Journal of reinforced plastics and composites, vol. 28, issue 13, pp. 1651-1660, 2009.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0731684408090365.
26. Vijay Kumar Thakur, Cellulose-Based Graft Copolymers: Structure and Chemistry, Edition:1st Chapter: 11, Publisher: CRC Press 2015.
27. FarhanaGul-E-Noor,Mubarak A. Khan, Sushanta Ghoshal, Russel A. Mazid, A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury and Ruhul A. Khan, “Grafting of 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate with Urea on to Gelatin Film by Gamma Radiation”, Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, vol 46, issue 6, pp. 615-624, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10601320902851926.
28. AleksandrKrasnovskii andIliya Kazakov, "Determination of the Optimal Speed of Pultrusion for Large-Sized Composite Rods",Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences, vol. 2, no. 3, 2012, pp. 21-26, 2012.
DOI: 10.4236/jeas.2012.23004.
29. Rahul Mangire, and Malur N. Srinivasan, “Mechanical Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Pultruded Composite Gratings”, Modern Mechanical Engineering, vol3, no. 4, pp 142-146, 2013. DOI: 10.4236/mme.2013.34020.
30. Wiranphat Thodsaratpreeyakul, PutinunU awongsuwan and TakanoriNegoro, “Properties of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate/ Polycarbonate Blend Fabricated by Vented Barrel Injection Molding”,Materials Sciences and Applications, vol9, no. 1, pp. 174-190, 2018.
DOI: 10.4236/msa.2018.91012.
31. L.C. Hallaway, Polymers and polymer composites in construction, Thomas telford Ltd. London, 1st edition, 1990, pp. 14-16.
32. Haydar U Zaman, Mubarak A. Khan, Ruhul A. Khan, M. ArifurRahman, Lily R. Das, and Md. Al-Mamun, “Role of Potassium Permanganate and Urea on the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Jute Polypropylene Composites”, Fibers and Polymers, 2010, vol. 11, no.3, pp. 455-463, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0455-4.
33. Haydar U. Zaman, A. H. Khan, M. A. Hossain, Mubarak A. Khan andRuhul A. Khan “Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Jute Fabrics Reinforced Polyethylene/Polypropylene Composites: Role of Gamma Radiation”, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 760-766, 2009. DOI: 10.1080/03602550902824655.
34. M. J. Miah, M. A. Khan and R. A. Khan, “Fabrication and Characterization of Jute Fiber Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene Based Composites: Effects of Chemical Treatment”, Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 249-259, 2011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6763.
35. Jyoti Jain, Shorab Jain and ShishirSinha, “Characterization and thermal kinetic analysis of pineapple leaf fibers and their reinforcement in epoxy”, Journal of Elastomers & Plastics, vol. 51, issue 3, pp. 224-243, 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244318783024.
36. M. Indra Reddy, M. Anil Kumar and Ch. Rama BhadriRaju, “Tensile and Flexural properties of Jute, Pineapple leaf and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites”, Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 458-462, 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.105.
37. Mohit Mittal and Rajiv Chaudhary, “Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of randomly oriented short pineapple/coir fiber-reinforced hybrid epoxy composites”, Material Research Express, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-26, 2019.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aae944.
38. Santosh Kumar D S, Praveen B A, KiranAithal S and U N Kempaiah, “Development of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 2190-2193, 2015.
39. J. K. Odusote and A. T. Oyewo, “Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Application as a Prosthetic Socket”, Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 125-139, 2016. DOI: 10.21859/jet-06011.
40. N.Krishnarjuna Rao1, G. S. Guru Dattatreya and E. VenugopalGoud, “Study of Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Pineapple – Glass Fibers Epoxy Hybrid Composites”, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 105748-105754, 2020.
DOI:http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/IJAST/article/view/27271.
41. N. Lopattananon, Y. Payae and M. Seadan, “Influence of Fiber Modification on Interfacial Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fiber-Epoxy Composites”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 110, issue 1, pp. 433–443, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.28496.
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