Application of Machine Learning, Remote Sensing, and GIS Models in Optimizing Disaster Risk Reduction Measures for Communities in the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam
Downloads
This study applies machine learning models, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to optimize disaster risk reduction measures for communities in the northern mountainous region of Vietnam. The analysis results indicate that factors such as terrain, climate, population density, and infrastructure play a crucial role in determining disaster risks. Machine learning models are employed to classify and predict the risks of landslides, flash floods, and storms, achieving an accuracy of up to 85%. Mitigation measures such as resettlement, construction of protective infrastructure, infrastructure improvement, and community awareness enhancement have been proposed and proven effective in reducing damage. This research contributes to the development of advanced methods in disaster risk management in Vietnam.
Ahlheim, Michael. 2009. “Landslides in Mountainous Regions of Northern Vietnam: Causes, Protection Strategies and the Assessment of Economic Losses.” International Journal of Ecological Economics and Statistics 15 (June 2014): 20–33.
Akcin, Hakan, and Ruveyda Tercan Kose. 2024. “Disaster Risk Assessment of Fluvial and Pluvial Flood Using the Google Earth Engine Platform: A Case Study for the Filyos River Basin.” PFG - Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science 92 (4): 353–366. doi:10.1007/s41064-024-00277-z.
Al Shafian, Sultan, and Da Hu. 2024. “Integrating Machine Learning and Remote Sensing in Disaster Management: A Decadal Review of Post-Disaster Building Damage Assessment.” Buildings 14 (8). doi:10.3390/buildings14082344.
Associate, Shalini S, Rajesh Yadav, Leena N Fukey, Nilofar Mulla, and Debashis Dev Misra. 2025. “Enhancing Cognitive Radio Networks for Education Systems : A Machine Learning Approach to Optimized Spectrum Sensing in Remote Learning Environments.” Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 9 (1): 1–11.
Ba, Le Huy, Thai Van Nam, and Le Hung. 2022. “Flash Floods in Vietnam: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions.” Flash Floods in Vietnam: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions, no. March: 1–166. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10532-6.
Chen, Zhonghan. 2024. “Application of UAV Remote Sensing in Natural Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning: An Example of Flood and Mudslide and Earthquake Disasters.” Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 85: 924–933. doi:10.54097/zak5hp77.
Chuong, Huynh Ngoc, Tran Thi Loc, Tran Luc Thanh Tuyen, and Bui Hong Ngoc. 2024. “Livelihood Transitions in Rural Vietnam under Climate Change Effects in the Period of 2008–2018.” Discover Sustainability 5 (1). Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/s43621-023-00178-y.
Cristian, Alexandru. 2024. “Leveraging GIS and GeoAI for Building Damage Assessment in Disaster Events : A Case Study of McDonough County , Illinois Date : October , 2024,” no. October. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15590.84806.
Deng, Ying, Yue Zhang, Daiwei Pan, Simon X. Yang, and Bahram Gharabaghi. 2024. “Review of Recent Advances in Remote Sensing and Machine Learning Methods for Lake Water Quality Management.” Remote Sensing 16 (22). doi:10.3390/rs16224196.
Dinh, Nguyen Cong, Nguyen Quang Tan, Bui Duc Tinh, Vo Hoang Ha, Nguyen Duc Kien, Pham Xuan Hung, Nguyen Hoang Khanh Linh, and Ho Thi Phuong. 2023. “Decoding the Livelihood Vulnerability of Flood-Prone Communities in Vietnam: Implications for Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Rural Development.” Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development 117 (2): 99–122. doi:10.36253/jaeid-14811.
District, Choman. 2024. “Machine Learning Techniques for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Machine Learning Techniques for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Choman District , Iraq.” Eurasian J. Sci., no. December. doi:10.23918/eajse.v10i3p1.
Elias, Deevena, and Tara Chand. 2019. Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Wetland Monitoring and Management Using Landsat Images. IGI Global. doi:10.1117/12.2533217.
Eminoğlu, Yusuf, and Çiğdem Tarhan. 2025. “Decadal Evolution of GIS in Disaster Management and Risk Assessment.” International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences 10 (2): 173–196.
Gyang, Phyllis Ang-e-mwin, Oluwabunmi Akomolafe, Benjamin Panful, and Isaac Amornortey Yowetu. 2025. “A Review of Integrated Use of Machine Learning Algorithms , GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in the Prediction of Rainfall Patterns and Floods in the U . S A Review of Integrated Use of Machine Learning Algorithms , GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques in T.” Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences, no. February. doi:10.30574/wjaets.2025.14.1.0025.
Jain, Harshita. 2024. “Leveraging Geo-Computational Innovations for Sustainable Disaster Management to Enhance Flood Resilience.” Discover Geoscience 2 (1). Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/s44288-024-00042-0.
Kemper, H., and G. Kemper. 2020. “Sensor Fusion, GIS and AI Technologies for Disaster Management.” International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives 43 (B3): 1677–1683. doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-1677-2020.
Kieu, Quoc Lap, and Duc Van Tran. 2021. “Application of Geospatial Technologies in Constructing a Flash Flood Warning Model in Northern Mountainous Regions of Vietnam: A Case Study at TrinhTuong Commune, Bat Xat District, LaoCai Province.” Bulletin of Geography, Physical Geography Series 20 (1): 31–43. doi:10.2478/bgeo-2021-0003.
Kundan, Chatrabhuj, Meshram Umank, Mishra Padam, and Jee Omar. 2024. “Discover Geoscience Integration of Remote Sensing Data and GIS Technologies in River Management System.” Discover Geoscience. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/s44288-024-00080-8.
Luu, Chinh, Hang Ha, Quynh Duy Bui, Ngoc Dung Luong, Dong Thanh Khuc, Hung Vu, and Dinh Quoc Nguyen. 2023. “Flash Flood and Landslide Susceptibility Analysis for a Mountainous Roadway in Vietnam Using Spatial Modeling.” Quaternary Science Advances 11 (December 2022). Elsevier Ltd: 100083. doi:10.1016/j.qsa.2023.100083.
Mohan, Shashank, and Brajesh Kumar. 2025. “Integration of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction : A Review Integration of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring and Prediction : A Review.” Sustainability, no. January. doi:10.3390/su17030998.
Ngo, Huong Thi Thanh, Nguyen Duc Dam, Quynh Anh Thi Bui, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Romulus-dumitru Costache, Hang Ha, Quynh Duy Bui, Sy Hung Mai, Indra Prakash, and Binh Thai Pham. 2023. “Prediction of Flash Flood Susceptibility of Hilly Terrain Using Deep Neural Network: A Case Study of Vietnam.” CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences 135 (3): 2219–2241. doi:10.32604/cmes.2023.022566.
Ngo, Thi Thanh Huong, Ba Thao Vu, and Trung Kien Nguyen. 2020. “Early Warning Systems for Flash Floods and Debris Flows in Vietnam: A Review.” Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 62 (December): 1233–1240. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2184-3_162.
Nguyen, Dieu Trinh; Kieu, Quoc Lap. 2021. “Application of 3S Technology in Disaster Risk Research in the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam.” Geographia Technica 11 (2): 39–50. doi:10.21163/GT.
Publisher, Statistical. 2024. General Statistics Office of Vietnam.
Rocha, Jorge, Eduardo Gomes, Inês Boavida-Portugal, Cláudia M Viana, Linh Truong-Hong, and Anh Thu Phan. 2023. GIS and Spatial Analysis.
Sadaf. 2024. “Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Disaster Management: An Applied Review.” Disaster Management and Environmental Sustainability, 191–205.
Saha, Piu, Rajib Mitra, Jayanta Das, Deepak Kumar Mandal, E G A Sapan, B H Santosa, I Ridwansyah, et al. 2024. “Flash Floods in Vietnam: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions.” Flash Floods in Vietnam: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions 15 (1). Springer International Publishing: 1–17. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10532-6.
Tang, Jiawei. 2024. “Remote Sensing Building Damage Assessment Based on Machine Learning.” International Journal of Advanced Network, Monitoring and Controls 09 (03): 1–12. doi:10.2478/ijanmc-2024-0021.
Teshaev, Nozimjon, Bobomurod Makhsudov, Izzatilla Ikramov, and Nuriddin Mirjalalov. 2024. “Advances and Prospects in Machine Learning for GIS and Remote Sensing: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Research Frontiers.” E3S Web of Conferences 590. doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202459003010.
Thanh Thi Pham, Nga, Duy Nong, Archana Raghavan Sathyan, and Matthias Garschagen. 2020. “Vulnerability Assessment of Households to Flash Floods and Landslides in the Poor Upland Regions of Vietnam.” Climate Risk Management 28 (February). Elsevier: 100215. doi:10.1016/j.crm.2020.100215.
Thao, Vu Ba, and Nguyen Thi Thu Huong. 2022. “Assessing the Morphological Characteristics of Stream Basins on the Formation of Flash Floods in the Mountainous Region of Northern Vietnam.” Journal of Irrigation Science and Technology 70 (1): 1–16.
Xuan Luan, Do, and Nguyen Thi Lan Anh. 2015. “Credit Access in the Northern Mountainous Region of Vietnam: Do Ethnic Minorities Matter?” International Journal of Economics and Finance 7 (6). doi:10.5539/ijef.v7n6p166.
Zannoni, Diego. 2019. “Remote Sensing and Disaster Management.” Disaster Management and International Space Law, no. May: 148–206. doi:10.1163/9789004388369_006.
Zhang, Shaohan, Shucheng Tan, Yongqi Sun, Duanyu Ding, and Wei Yang. 2024. “Risk Mapping of Geological Hazards in Plateau Mountainous Areas Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data Extraction and Machine Learning (Fuyuan, China).” Land 13 (9): 1361. doi:10.3390/land13091361.